Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Gram-positive bacteria

those that are stained dark blue or purple color in Gram

. This is in contrast to the

Gram-negative bacteria, which can not retain crystal

purple spots, and taking

counterstain strattera 25mg (safranina or magenta) and

appears red or pink. Gram-positive microorganisms

able to retain crystal violet spots >> << due to the large number of peptidoglycan in the cell wall

(

). Gram-positive cell walls

usually lacking outer membrane found in

Gram-negative bacteria. Figure 1. Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Protection

Gram-positive bacterial infections: antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes, such as

immunoglobulin M (IgM) are effective against bacterial

extracellular pathogens. Antibodies

can protect against gram-positive bacteria through opsonizatsiyi >> << ie

antibodies specific for the antigen that are embedded in the cell wall layer

bacteria and neutralize th

action. Antibody that attaches itself to bacteria

You can also attach to phagocytes such as macrophages

through Fc receptors on phagocytes

(

). It promotes phagocytosis

and bacterial removal. Recall that

tail of antibodies called FC

(fragment crystallized) region (

), and interacting with cellular receptors

surface. In addition, amendments related

bacteria can attach to phagocytes via complement receptors

(CR), which promotes phagocytosis

(

). Figure 2. Examples

antibody-mediated mechanisms against

Gram-positive bacterial infections. Figure 3. FC

domain antibodies. Bacillus

anthrax Bacillus Cereus Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens

Corynebacterium diptheriae Listeria Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae.